Weed Type: Broadleaf

DESCRIPTION

Velvetleaf is a plant with big, soft, and fuzzy leaves that feel like velvet to the touch. The leaves are heart-shaped and can grow up to several inches wide. The plant itself can grow quite tall, sometimes reaching up to 6 feet in height. Its flowers are bright yellow and can bloom throughout the summer. While the plant may look pretty, it is considered a weed by many farmers because it can compete with crops for nutrients and water.

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Velvetleaf can be identified by its tall and erect stem, large heart-shaped leaves with a fuzzy texture, and bright yellow bell-shaped flowers. The plant can grow up to 6 feet tall and can have multiple branches with leaves and flowers growing out of them. Its leaves are a bright green color and have a velvety texture that makes them feel soft to the touch. The flowers are quite showy and can be seen blooming in the summer months. When in doubt, you can also look for the plant’s distinctive seed pods, which are round and flat with several compartments and look like little disks.

Mechanical Control Recommendations Hand pulling For small infestations, hand-pulling the plants can be effective. Ensure you remove the entire root system to prevent regrowth. This method is labor-intensive and may not be suitable for large infestations. Mowing Regular mowing can prevent the velvetleaf plants from flowering and producing seeds. However, repeated mowing might be necessary throughout the growing season to weaken the plants and reduce their ability to compete with desired vegetation. Tilling Plowing or cultivating the soil can disrupt the growth of velvetleaf plants and bury their seeds deeper in the soil, reducing their germination and emergence. Mulching Applying a thick layer of organic mulch can smother emerging velvetleaf seedlings and prevent sunlight from reaching the soil surface, inhibiting their growth. Solarization This method involves covering the infested area with clear plastic sheeting during hot summer months. The trapped heat under the plastic can raise soil temperatures to levels that kill velvetleaf seeds and seedlings. Flaming Propane torches or flamers can be used to burn the above-ground parts of the plants, damaging their tissues and preventing further growth. This method is more effective on small plants. Mechanical Removal Tools Various tools like hoes, weeders, and even specialized devices designed for weed removal can be used to uproot and remove velvetleaf plants from the soil. Grazing In certain cases, controlled grazing by livestock can help manage velvetleaf populations, as the animals consume the plants and trample the seedlings. Pre-emergent herbicides

Atrazine: Atrazine is a widely used pre-emergent herbicide that can help control broadleaf and grassy weeds. It’s often used in corn and sorghum fields. Metolachlor (Dual Magnum): Metolachlor is effective against many annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds. It’s commonly used in corn, soybean, and other crops. Isoxaben: Isoxaben is a pre-emergent herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds in ornamental landscapes, nurseries, and other non-crop areas. Flumioxazin: Flumioxazin is used for broad-spectrum pre-emergent weed control in various crops and non-crop areas. It’s effective against a range of broadleaf and grassy weeds. Pendimethalin: Pendimethalin is used to control annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops including corn, soybeans, and vegetables. S-metolachlor (Dual II Magnum): This herbicide is similar to metolachlor and provides pre-emergent control of grasses and some broadleaf weeds. Dithiopyr: Dithiopyr is used in turfgrass and ornamental settings to control both pre-emergent and post-emergent broadleaf and grassy weeds. Prodiamine: Prodiamine is commonly used in turfgrass management to prevent the germination of various annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Oxadiazon: Oxadiazon is used for pre-emergent weed control in turfgrass, ornamentals, and non-crop areas.

Post-emergent herbicides

2,4-D: 2,4-D is a widely used selective herbicide for controlling broadleaf weeds in various crops, lawns, and non-crop areas. Dicamba: Dicamba is another selective herbicide effective against broadleaf weeds. It’s commonly used in combination with other herbicides for enhanced weed control. Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide used to control a wide range of weeds, including Abutilon theophrasti. It’s used in various crops, landscapes, and non-crop areas. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is effective against certain broadleaf weeds and is commonly used in turfgrass and non-crop areas. Fluroxypyr: Fluroxypyr is used for controlling broadleaf weeds in various crops, pastures, and non-crop areas. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds and woody plants. It’s often used in forestry, range, and pasture settings. Carfentrazone: Carfentrazone is used to control broadleaf weeds in turfgrass and non-crop areas. It’s often included in herbicide mixtures. Metsulfuron-methyl: Metsulfuron-methyl is used to control a variety of broadleaf and grassy weeds in turfgrass, non-crop areas, and some crops. Sulfosulfuron: Sulfosulfuron is used to control grass and broadleaf weeds in crops like wheat, barley, and rice.

Selective herbicides

2,4-D: A widely used selective herbicide for controlling broadleaf weeds in various crops, lawns, and non-crop areas. Dicamba: Effective against broadleaf weeds, dicamba is commonly used in combination with other herbicides to enhance weed control. Clopyralid: Effective against certain broadleaf weeds, clopyralid is used in turfgrass and non-crop areas. MCPA: Used for controlling broadleaf weeds in various crops and non-crop areas. Triclopyr: Effective against a range of broadleaf weeds and woody plants, often used in forestry, range, and pasture settings. Fluroxypyr: Used for controlling broadleaf weeds in various crops, pastures, and non-crop areas. Aminopyralid: Used to control certain broadleaf weeds, especially those with deep root systems. Commonly used in pastures and non-crop areas. Quinclorac: Selective herbicide effective against both grassy and broadleaf weeds, commonly used in turfgrass and some crops. Carfentrazone: Used to control broadleaf weeds in turfgrass and non-crop areas, often included in herbicide mixtures. Mesotrione: Effective against a variety of broadleaf weeds, used in turfgrass and some crops. Halauxifen-methyl: A newer herbicide used for selective control of certain broadleaf weeds in cereal crops.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: One of the most widely used non-selective herbicides, effective against a broad spectrum of plants. It’s used in various settings, including agriculture, landscaping, and non-crop areas. Glufosinate: Another non-selective herbicide effective against a wide range of plants. It’s used in agricultural and non-crop areas. Paraquat: A fast-acting non-selective herbicide used to desiccate and control vegetation before planting or in non-crop areas. Diquat: Diquat is used for desiccation and control of aquatic and terrestrial plants in non-crop areas. Pelargonic Acid: Also known as “”horticultural vinegar”” or “”vinegar herbicide,”” pelargonic acid-based products act as non-selective contact herbicides that can damage plant tissues upon contact. Sethoxydim: While primarily a grass-selective herbicide, when used at higher rates, sethoxydim can also have non-selective activity against broadleaf weeds. Ammonium Nonanoate: This is another non-selective herbicide often used in organic and sustainable farming systems for controlling weeds. Flame Weeding: While not a herbicide, flame weeding involves using propane torches to quickly heat and kill plants. It’s a non-chemical method for non-selective weed control.

arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new-hampshire new-jersey new-mexico new-york north-carolina north-dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina south-dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west-virginia wisconsin wyomingScientific Name Abutilon theophrasti Other Names China Jute, Indian Mallow, Buttonweed, Butterprint, Velvetweed Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers Velvetleaf produces bright and showy yellow flowers that are shaped like bells or funnels. The flowers have five petals and are usually around 2-3 inches in diameter. They can grow individually or in clusters on long stalks. When in bloom, the flowers can add a pop of color to the surrounding landscape. However, they are also a sign that the plant is reproducing and spreading its seeds, which can be a problem for farmers trying to grow crops. Leaves Velvetleaf has large, soft, and velvety leaves that are usually heart-shaped and have a pointed tip. They can grow up to several inches wide and long and are covered with fine hairs that give them a fuzzy texture. The leaves are a bright green color and have distinct veins running through them. When the sun shines on the leaves, they can look shiny or glossy. Despite their soft and fuzzy appearance, the leaves can be quite tough and durable, allowing the plant to withstand harsh weather conditions. Life Cycle Annual

DESCRIPTION

Stinging nettle is a wild plant that can be found in many parts of the world. It has long, pointy leaves with tiny hairs that can sting you if you touch them. The plant can grow up to several feet tall and is often found in areas with moist soil like meadows, forests, or along riverbanks. Despite its stinging properties, stinging nettle has been used for medicinal and culinary purposes for centuries. Some people even believe that it has healing properties and can help with conditions like arthritis, allergies, or urinary tract infections. So, while it may be a bit prickly to the touch, stinging nettle has a long history of being useful and beneficial to humans.

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Stinging nettle can be identified by its long, pointed leaves that have a serrated edge and are covered in tiny, stinging hairs. The plant can grow to be several feet tall and has a slightly bushy appearance. It usually grows in areas with moist soil like meadows, forests, or along riverbanks, and is often found in large patches or clumps. When the plant is touched, the tiny hairs on the leaves can cause a stinging or itching sensation, so it’s important to wear gloves or handle it carefully. In the spring and summer, stinging nettle also produces small green or yellowish flowers that grow in clusters on long stems that emerge from the leaf axils. While stinging nettle may look similar to other plants with pointed, serrated leaves, the tiny stinging hairs are a distinctive characteristic that can help identify it.

Mechanical Control Recommendations Hand pulling Hand pulling is effective for small infestations or isolated plants. Be sure to wear gloves and protective clothing to avoid getting stung. Gently grasp the plant at the base and pull it out, ensuring you remove the entire root system to prevent regrowth. Mowing or Cutting Regular mowing or cutting can help manage the growth of stinging nettle. This method aims to prevent the plant from producing flowers and setting seeds. Cutting the plants before they reach maturity can weaken their growth over time. Smothering Use mulch or heavy fabric to smother stinging nettle plants. Covering the area with mulch, cardboard, or fabric can block sunlight and prevent the plants from growing. This method may take time, as stinging nettle can be persistent. Tilling For larger infestations, tilling the soil can help disrupt the rhizomes and uproot the plants. However, be cautious, as tilling can also disturb the soil and promote the growth of other weed species. Grazing Introducing grazing animals like goats or sheep can help control stinging nettle growth. These animals will consume the plants, preventing them from flowering and setting seeds. Cut and Cover This method involves cutting the nettle plants and immediately covering the area with a plastic tarp or black fabric. This prevents sunlight from reaching the cut plants, eventually killing them. Repeating Cutting Continuously cut down the plants whenever they regrow. This will weaken their energy reserves and eventually lead to their decline. Scalding Pouring boiling water over the plants can help kill them. This is particularly effective for small patches. Mechanical Removal Tools Tools such as weed wrenches or weed pullers can aid in the removal of stinging nettle. These tools are designed to grip the plant at its base and extract it along with its roots. Pre-emergent herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate-based herbicides are broad-spectrum and can have some effect on stinging nettle. However, they are non-selective and can harm desirable plants as well. Trifluralin: Trifluralin is a pre-emergent herbicide used to control annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds. It might have limited effectiveness against stinging nettle. Oryzalin: Oryzalin is another pre-emergent herbicide used against annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Its effectiveness on stinging nettle is uncertain. Isoxaben: Isoxaben is a pre-emergent herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds. While it’s effective against some perennial broadleaf weeds, its impact on stinging nettle might be limited. Pendimethalin: Pendimethalin is often used to control annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Its effectiveness on stinging nettle may vary.

Post-emergent herbicides

2,4-D: 2,4-D is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds and is commonly used to control stinging nettle. It’s effective against many broadleaf plants while being less harmful to grasses. Dicamba: Dicamba is another selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides for enhanced control. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is effective against a wide range of broadleaf plants, making it useful for controlling stinging nettle. It’s often used in formulations specifically designed for woody plants and brush control. Glyphosate: Glyphosate-based herbicides can be effective for non-selective control of stinging nettle. However, since they can harm desirable plants as well, caution is needed when using glyphosate in areas with other vegetation. Metsulfuron-methyl: This herbicide is effective against a variety of broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides or adjuvants. Clopyralid: Clopyralid targets certain broadleaf weeds and can be used to control stinging nettle. It’s often found in combination products. Fluroxypyr: Fluroxypyr is a broadleaf herbicide that can be effective against stinging nettle. It’s often used to control a range of woody and herbaceous weeds. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is used to control a variety of broadleaf weeds, including some perennials. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides. Carfentrazone-ethyl: Carfentrazone-ethyl is a herbicide effective against many broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other products.

Selective herbicides

2,4-D: 2,4-D is a widely used selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s commonly used in lawns, pastures, and non-crop areas. Dicamba: Dicamba is another selective herbicide effective against many broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, including woody plants like stinging nettle. It’s commonly used for brush and weed control in non-crop areas. Clopyralid: Clopyralid targets certain broadleaf weeds and is used for controlling weeds like stinging nettle. It’s often found in combination products. Fluroxypyr: Fluroxypyr is a broadleaf herbicide effective against stinging nettle and other broadleaf weeds. It’s used in various settings, including lawns and non-crop areas. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is used to control a range of broadleaf weeds, including some perennials like stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides. Metsulfuron-methyl: While it’s not as selective as the others on this list, metsulfuron-methyl can be used selectively in certain situations to control stinging nettle and other broadleaf weeds. Carfentrazone-ethyl: Carfentrazone-ethyl is used for controlling a variety of broadleaf weeds, including stinging nettle. It’s often used in combination with other products.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate-based herbicides are one of the most commonly used non-selective options. They are effective against a wide variety of plants, including stinging nettle. However, be careful when using glyphosate in areas with desirable plants, as it will kill any vegetation it comes into contact with. Glufosinate: Glufosinate-ammonium is another non-selective herbicide that’s effective against many weeds, including stinging nettle. Like glyphosate, it’s important to avoid contact with desirable plants. Diquat: Diquat is a fast-acting non-selective herbicide. It’s contact-based and causes rapid desiccation of plants. While it’s effective, it may not provide as long-lasting control as some other herbicides. Paraquat: Paraquat is another non-selective herbicide that acts quickly to desiccate and kill plants. It’s toxic to humans and should be handled with extreme care. Imazapyr: Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide effective against a wide range of plants, including some woody species. It can be used for spot treatments. Pelargonic Acid: This is a natural, non-selective herbicide derived from fatty acids. It causes rapid dehydration of plant tissues upon contact. Recommended Prevention

arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new-hampshire new-jersey new-mexico new-york north-carolina north-dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina south-dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west-virginia wisconsin wyomingScientific Name Urtica dioica Other Names Nettle, Common Nettle, Tall Nettle, Burn Nettle, Nettle Leaf, Ortie, Grande Ortie, Brennessel, Brandnetel, Urtiga Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers The flowers of stinging nettle are small and not very showy. They grow in clusters or groups on long, slender stems that emerge from the leaf axils, which are the points where the leaves attach to the stem. The flowers are usually green or yellowish in color and have no petals, but rather tiny, inconspicuous sepals that are barely noticeable. Leaves The leaves of stinging nettle are long, pointed, and have a serrated edge, which means they look like they have jagged teeth along the edges. They can grow to be several inches long and have a rough texture due to the tiny, stinging hairs that cover them. These hairs can irritate the skin and cause a stinging or itching sensation if you touch them, which is how the plant gets its common name. The leaves are usually green in color and have a slightly heart-shaped base where they attach to the stem. Despite their prickly nature, stinging nettle leaves are often used for medicinal and culinary purposes and can be cooked or dried and brewed into teas or infusions. Life Cycle Perennial

DESCRIPTION

Quickweed is a type of plant that you might find growing in your garden or along the side of the road. It’s a tall, green plant with small, yellow flowers that bloom in the summer. The leaves are thin and pointed, and they grow in pairs along the stem. Quickweed gets its name because it grows very quickly, spreading rapidly and taking over other plants in the area. While some people might see it as a pesky weed, others appreciate its beauty and use it in herbal remedies.

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Quickweed is a fairly easy plant to identify. It has bright green leaves that grow in pairs along the stem and are slightly pointed. The plant can grow to be up to three feet tall, and has small, yellow, daisy-like flowers that bloom in clusters at the top of the stem. When you crush the leaves, they can have a slightly minty or herbal smell. Quickweed can sometimes be mistaken for other similar-looking plants, but its unique leaf arrangement and yellow flowers are key features that can help you identify it.

Mechanical Control Recommendations Hand pulling For small infestations, hand pulling can be effective. Make sure to wear gloves to protect your hands. Pull the weeds out by their roots, ensuring you remove as much of the root system as possible to prevent regrowth. Hoeing Using a hoe can be effective for larger infestations. Regularly hoeing the soil around your plants will disrupt the growth of the weeds and eventually weaken them. Tilling If the infestation is extensive, tilling the soil can help disrupt the growth of the weeds. This method is more suitable for larger garden areas and agricultural fields. Aeration Aerating the soil can improve turf health and reduce Poa annua by creating a more favorable environment for desirable grass species. Mulching Apply a thick layer of organic mulch (such as straw, wood chips, or leaves) around your plants. This will help suppress weed growth by blocking sunlight and preventing weeds from establishing themselves. Mowing In agricultural settings or larger areas, mowing can help control the growth of Galinsoga parviflora. Regular mowing will prevent the plants from flowering and setting seeds, reducing their ability to spread. Flame Weeding This involves using a propane torch to heat the weeds, causing the cell membranes to rupture due to the rapid expansion of water vapor. This method is suitable for pathways and areas where you don’t want to disturb the soil. Solarization This method involves covering the infested area with clear plastic sheeting, which raises the temperature of the soil and kills weeds, including their seeds and roots. This is effective during hot summer months. Cultivation Regular cultivation or plowing can help disrupt weed growth and expose their roots to air, which can dry them out and eventually kill them. Pre-emergent herbicides

Oryzalin: This herbicide is commonly used to control a broad spectrum of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. It’s often applied before weed seeds germinate and should be watered into the soil. Pendimethalin: Another pre-emergent herbicide that works by inhibiting weed seed germination. It can provide effective control of various annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Dithiopyr: This herbicide can provide pre-emergent control of both grassy and broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. It’s often used on lawns and turf as well as in certain garden settings. Isoxaben: This herbicide targets broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in germinating weed seeds. It can be effective against Galinsoga parviflora and other broadleaf weeds. Trifluralin: Trifluralin is commonly used in agricultural and garden settings as a pre-emergent herbicide. It helps prevent the growth of various annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Prodiamine: This herbicide is often used to prevent the germination of weed seeds and can provide effective control of Galinsoga parviflora and other weeds. Benefin: Benefin is a pre-emergent herbicide that targets grassy and broadleaf weeds, making it potentially effective against Galinsoga parviflora. Trifluralin + Isoxaben: Some herbicides are formulated with a combination of active ingredients for broader weed control. A combination of trifluralin and isoxaben, for example, might offer effective control of both grassy and broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora.

Post-emergent herbicides

2,4-D: This is one of the most widely used post-emergent herbicides for controlling broadleaf weeds. It’s effective against many common weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. It’s often found in various herbicide formulations. Dicamba: Dicamba is another commonly used herbicide for broadleaf weed control. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness and manage weed resistance. MCPA: MCPA is a selective post-emergent herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. It’s often used in lawns, pastures, and non-crop areas. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. It’s commonly used in various settings, including lawns, turf, and non-crop areas. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is used to control both broadleaf and woody plants. It’s effective against a variety of broadleaf weeds and can be used in various applications. Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that can control a wide range of weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. However, it will also kill desirable plants, so it should be used with caution and only in areas where you want to completely eliminate vegetation. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is often used in pasture and rangeland settings to control a variety of broadleaf weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. Carfentrazone: Carfentrazone is a fast-acting herbicide that’s effective against many broadleaf weeds. It’s often used in combination with other herbicides for better control.

Selective herbicides

2,4-D: A commonly used selective herbicide for controlling broadleaf weeds in lawns, pastures, and non-crop areas. While it targets many broadleaf weeds, it can also harm certain ornamental broadleaf plants, so caution is needed. MCPA: Another selective herbicide effective against a range of broadleaf weeds. It’s often used in lawns, pastures, and non-crop areas. Triclopyr: This herbicide is effective against a variety of broadleaf weeds, including some woody plants. It’s often used in both residential and commercial settings. Clopyralid: Selective against broadleaf weeds, clopyralid is commonly used in turfgrass, non-crop areas, and some agricultural settings. Aminopyralid: Used for controlling broadleaf weeds in pastures, rangelands, and non-crop areas. It’s effective against certain invasive broadleaf plants. Fluroxypyr: Effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, fluroxypyr is used in various settings, including lawns and ornamental beds. Quinclorac: While primarily used for controlling crabgrass, quinclorac can also target some broadleaf weeds. It’s often used in lawns and turfgrass. Sulfentrazone: This herbicide targets a variety of broadleaf weeds and is used in both residential and commercial applications.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides. It’s effective against a broad spectrum of weeds, including Galinsoga parviflora. Glyphosate is often used for large-scale weed control, such as in agricultural fields or areas that need complete vegetation removal. Glufosinate: Glufosinate is another non-selective herbicide used to control a variety of weeds. It’s often used in agricultural and non-crop settings. Paraquat: Paraquat is a fast-acting non-selective herbicide that can quickly desiccate and kill vegetation. It’s often used for spot treatments in non-crop areas. Diquat: Diquat is used for contact control of a variety of aquatic and terrestrial weeds. It’s often used in aquatic settings and non-crop areas. Pelargonic Acid: Also known as “”horticultural vinegar”” or “”natural weed killer,”” pelargonic acid-based herbicides are considered organic options for non-selective weed control. They can kill weeds on contact by disrupting cell membranes. Vinegar-Based Herbicides: Vinegar-based herbicides are often used for non-selective weed control. They contain acetic acid and work by dehydrating plants upon contact. They may be less effective on established weeds with deep root systems. Herbicidal Soap: Soap-based herbicides are designed to break down the waxy cuticle on plant leaves, causing dehydration and killing plants on contact. They are often used for spot treatments.

arizona arkansas california connecticut delaware hawaii illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota missouri nebraska new-hampshire new-jersey new-mexico new-york north-carolina north-dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina tennessee texas vermont virginia washington west-virginia wisconsin wyomingScientific Name Galinsoga parviflora Other Names Gallant Soldier, Shaggy Soldier, Peruvian Daisy, Potato Weed Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers Quickweed flowers are small and daisy-like, with bright yellow petals surrounding a small center disk. They grow in clusters at the top of the plant and can bloom throughout the summer. The petals are delicate and slightly wrinkled, and the center disk is made up of tiny yellow flowers that are tightly packed together. The flowers are quite pretty and can attract bees and other pollinators. Leaves Quickweed leaves are small and pointed, with a bright green color. They grow in pairs along the stem, and have a slightly serrated edge. The leaves are relatively thin and delicate, and have a slightly hairy texture. When you crush the leaves, they can have a slightly minty or herbal smell. The leaves are an important feature for identifying the plant, as they are unique in shape and arrangement. Life Cycle Annual

DESCRIPTION

Ragweed is a type of plant that can be found in many parts of the world, especially in North America. It usually grows in fields, meadows, and along roadsides, and it’s quite tall and bushy with green leaves and stems. One thing that makes ragweed stand out is that it produces a lot of pollen, which can cause allergy symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes in many people. In fact, ragweed pollen is one of the most common triggers of seasonal allergies.

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Ragweed is a tall, bushy plant that can grow up to 5 feet tall and has multiple branches that give it a bushy appearance. Its leaves are long and narrow with many deep lobes that give them a feathery look, somewhat resembling fern leaves. The stem and leaves of ragweed have a slightly fuzzy or rough texture. Ragweed flowers are greenish-yellow and grow in clusters on the ends of the branches. Although not very noticeable, they are important in the plant’s reproduction by attracting pollinators. Ragweed typically blooms in late summer and early fall, so keep an eye out for it during this time of year. A unique feature of ragweed is that it can cause allergic reactions in many people, so rubbing the leaves can be a good way to see if you have found ragweed. If you start sneezing or your eyes start itching, there’s a good chance you’ve found ragweed.

Mechanical Control Recommendations Hand pulling For smaller infestations, hand-pulling can be an effective method. Ensure that you remove the entire plant, including the roots, to prevent regrowth. This method may not be suitable for larger areas due to the labor-intensive nature of the task. Mowing Regular mowing can prevent common ragweed from flowering and producing seeds. Mowing should be done before the plants produce flowers and mature seeds. However, this method may require frequent mowing throughout the growing season. Tilling or Cultivation Tilling the soil can disturb the weed’s root system and expose it to desiccation. Cultivation can be effective in disrupting the weed’s growth, but it should be done cautiously to avoid promoting seed germination through soil disturbance. Mechanical Weed Removal Tools There are various tools designed for removing weeds mechanically, such as weed pullers, hoes, and weed hooks. These tools can help target individual plants without disturbing the soil too much. Mulching Applying a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or straw, can help suppress the growth of common ragweed by blocking sunlight and preventing seed germination. Mulching also helps maintain soil moisture, which can benefit desired plants. Flame Weeding Flame weeding involves using a propane torch to heat the weeds, causing them to wilt and die. This method should be used with caution, as it requires specialized equipment and poses fire risks. Machinery In larger agricultural settings, specialized machinery like tractor-mounted rotary hoes or harrows can be used to disrupt weed growth. These machines can effectively control weeds across larger areas. Pre-emergent herbicides

Atrazine: Atrazine is a widely used pre-emergent herbicide that can provide effective control of common ragweed when applied before germination. It’s important to follow label instructions and consider any environmental and regulatory restrictions associated with its use. Isoxaben: Isoxaben is another pre-emergent herbicide that can be effective against common ragweed. It’s often found in herbicide formulations used for controlling broadleaf weeds. Dithiopyr: Dithiopyr is a selective pre-emergent herbicide that can offer control against common ragweed. It’s often used in turfgrass and ornamental plant settings. Pendimethalin: Pendimethalin is known for its broad-spectrum pre-emergent weed control, and it can be effective against common ragweed. It’s commonly used in agricultural and landscape settings. Prodiamine: Prodiamine is effective against a range of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s often used in lawns, ornamental beds, and golf courses. Oryzalin: Oryzalin is used to control a variety of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It can provide pre-emergent control of common ragweed in various settings. Trifluralin: Trifluralin is a pre-emergent herbicide that can be effective against common ragweed. It’s often used in agricultural and horticultural applications.

Post-emergent herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective post-emergent herbicide that can effectively control a wide range of weeds, including common ragweed. It’s commonly used in non-crop areas and can be used to spot-treat individual ragweed plants. 2,4-D: 2,4-D is a selective post-emergent herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds. It can provide effective control of common ragweed in lawns, turfgrass, and other managed areas. Dicamba: Dicamba is another selective post-emergent herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s often used in agricultural and residential settings. Metsulfuron: Metsulfuron is a systemic post-emergent herbicide that can control a variety of broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s commonly used in turfgrass and non-crop areas. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is a selective post-emergent herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds. It can provide control of common ragweed in certain turfgrass and agricultural settings. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s commonly used in turfgrass, ornamental beds, and rights-of-way. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is a selective post-emergent herbicide that can provide control of certain broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s often used in pastures and non-crop areas. Fluroxypyr: Fluroxypyr is another selective post-emergent herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. It can be effective against common ragweed in certain settings.

Selective herbicides

2,4-D: 2,4-D is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds, making it effective against common ragweed. It’s commonly used in lawns, turfgrass, and other managed areas. Dicamba: Dicamba is another selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s used in various agricultural and residential settings. MCPA: MCPA is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds and is often used in lawns, golf courses, and other turfgrass areas. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s used in turfgrass, ornamental beds, and rights-of-way. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds and can provide control of common ragweed in certain settings. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is a selective herbicide used to control certain broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s used in pastures, rangeland, and non-crop areas. Fluroxypyr: Fluroxypyr is effective against a range of broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s used in various turfgrass and non-crop settings. Quinclorac: Quinclorac is commonly used in controlling broadleaf weeds in turfgrass and can be effective against common ragweed. Sulfentrazone: Sulfentrazone is a selective herbicide that targets a variety of broadleaf weeds, including common ragweed. It’s often used in turfgrass and ornamental settings.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides. It’s effective against a broad range of weeds, including common ragweed. It’s often used for spot treatments or in areas where you want to clear vegetation completely, such as in industrial sites or preparing a field for planting. Glufosinate: Glufosinate is another non-selective herbicide that can be used to control common ragweed. It’s used in various agricultural, horticultural, and non-crop settings. Diquat: Diquat is a fast-acting non-selective herbicide often used for burndown or desiccation purposes. It can provide control of common ragweed and other weeds. Paraquat: Paraquat is a non-selective herbicide that acts quickly to desiccate and kill vegetation on contact. It can be used for spot treatments and in areas where complete vegetation removal is desired. Pelargonic Acid (Fatty Acid-Based Herbicides): These herbicides are derived from fatty acids and work by disrupting the cell membranes of plants. They can provide effective control of common ragweed and other weeds. Sodium Chlorate: Sodium chlorate is a non-selective herbicide that can be used for total vegetation control. It’s often used in industrial or non-crop areas. Imazapyr: Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide used for total vegetation control in areas such as industrial sites, rights-of-way, and bare ground areas.

arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new-hampshire new-jersey new-mexico new-york north-carolina north-dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina south-dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west-virginia wisconsin wyomingScientific Name Ambrosia artemisiifolia Other Names Hay Fever Weed, Bitterweed, Bloodweed, Hogweed, Roman Wormwood, Wild Tansy Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers Ragweed flowers are small and not very noticeable, with a greenish-yellow color. They grow in clusters on the ends of the plant’s branches, and each flower has a spiky appearance due to its tiny, pointed petals. If you look closely, you can see that the flowers are made up of several tiny parts, including a central disk surrounded by many small stamens. Leaves Ragweed leaves are long and narrow, with many deep lobes that give them a feathery appearance. They are usually green in color and have a slightly fuzzy texture. Interestingly, the leaves of ragweed somewhat resemble those of a fern, with their multiple lobes that create a delicate, intricate pattern. The leaves are attached to the stem alternately, meaning they grow from opposite sides of the stem, and they become smaller and less lobed as they approach the top of the plant. The overall effect is a bushy, slightly wispy appearance that can be quite attractive to some people, even though ragweed is often considered a pesky weed. Life Cycle Annual

DESCRIPTION

Poison sumac is one often forgotten member of the Toxicodendron genus of toxic plants found in North America. Like poison ivy and poison oak, poison sumac’s leaves, stems, and berries contain a poisonous oil that can cause a severe allergic reaction. Coming in contact with the plant can cause rash, blisters, and swelling

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Poison sumac is a shrub or small tree that can grow up to 20 feet tall. It’s most commonly found in wet or swampy areas, such as along the edges of streams or in marshy forests. To quickly identify poison sumac, look for a plant with long, pointed leaves arranged in pairs along the stem. The leaves have smooth edges and between 7 and 13 leaflets. The plant also has greenish-yellow flowers that grow in clusters at the ends of the branches, which may be difficult to see among the leaves. One key feature of poison sumac is that the stems and branches are often reddish in color, which can help distinguish it from other similar-looking plants. It’s important to avoid touching or inhaling any part of the plant, as it contains a poisonous oil that can cause a severe allergic reaction.

Mechanical Control Recommendations Manual Removal Wear protective clothing, including gloves, long sleeves, and pants, to avoid skin contact. Use pruners, loppers, or a saw to cut the poison sumac plants at ground level. Be careful not to break the stems, as this can release urushiol oil. Dispose of the plant material carefully by bagging it and disposing of it in the trash. Root Removal Poison sumac can regrow from its roots if not removed entirely. After cutting the plants, dig out the roots using a shovel or digging tool. Ensure you remove as much of the root system as possible to prevent regrowth. Smothering You can smother poison sumac plants by covering them with heavy plastic sheets or tarps. This prevents sunlight from reaching the plants, eventually causing them to die due to lack of photosynthesis. Mowing If the poison sumac is in an area where mowing is possible, regular mowing can help control its growth. However, be cautious as mowing can cause the release of urushiol oil and potentially spread it to other areas. Boiling Water Pouring boiling water over the base of poison sumac plants can scald and kill them. This method is best suited for smaller infestations. Mulching Apply a thick layer of mulch (wood chips, leaves, etc.) around the base of the plants to smother them and prevent sunlight from reaching them. Make sure the mulch is deep enough to block their growth. Preventative Measures To prevent further growth of poison sumac, monitor the area regularly and remove any new growth promptly. Encourage the growth of desirable native plants in the area to compete with and suppress poison sumac growth. Pre-emergent herbicides

Prodiamine: This herbicide is effective against a wide range of broadleaf weeds, including poison sumac. It creates a barrier in the soil that prevents the growth of weed seeds. Oryzalin: Oryzalin is another pre-emergent herbicide that can help control poison sumac by preventing germination and growth of weed seeds. Isoxaben: While isoxaben is primarily used for broadleaf weed control in ornamental landscapes, it can also be effective against poison sumac. It prevents weed seedlings from establishing themselves. Dithiopyr: Dithiopyr is a pre-emergent herbicide that offers both pre-emergent and early post-emergent control of certain weeds, including poison sumac. Benefin: Benefin is effective against various annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. It can help prevent poison sumac from germinating and establishing. Pendimethalin: Pendimethalin is commonly used to prevent the growth of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It can provide some level of control against poison sumac by inhibiting germination. Trifluralin: Trifluralin is used as a pre-emergent herbicide to control various annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It can be effective in preventing poison sumac growth from seeds.

Post-emergent herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that effectively kills a wide range of plants, including poison sumac. It’s commonly used for large-scale weed control. Care should be taken to avoid damaging desirable plants, as glyphosate can kill any plant it comes into contact with. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is often used to target woody plants and broadleaf weeds. It is selective to many broadleaf plants and is effective against poison sumac. It can be found in various formulations, including liquids and ready-to-use sprays. Imazapyr: Imazapyr is another herbicide used for controlling woody plants and invasive species. It’s effective against poison sumac and can provide long-lasting control. 2,4-D: This herbicide is commonly used to control broadleaf weeds, including poison sumac. It’s often found in combination with other herbicides to increase its effectiveness. Dicamba: Dicamba is a broadleaf weed killer that can be used to control poison sumac. It’s often found in combination products with other active ingredients. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is used to control broadleaf weeds, including poison sumac. It can be found in specialized herbicide products. Metsulfuron: Metsulfuron is a systemic herbicide that can control a range of woody plants, including poison sumac. It’s often used in areas where selective control is desired.

Selective herbicides

Triclopyr: Triclopyr is known for its effectiveness against many broadleaf plants, including poison sumac. It’s often used in formulations designed to target woody plants and can be applied selectively. Aminopyralid: Aminopyralid is a herbicide that targets broadleaf plants, making it useful for controlling poison sumac. It’s often found in specialized herbicide products and is designed to have limited impact on grasses. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is another selective herbicide for broadleaf plants, and it can provide some level of control over poison sumac. It’s often used in lawns and other turf areas. 2,4-D: While 2,4-D is not as selective as some other herbicides, it primarily targets broadleaf plants and can be used with caution to control poison sumac in certain situations. Dicamba: Dicamba is a selective herbicide for broadleaf plants. It can be used to control poison sumac, although it should be applied carefully to avoid affecting non-target plants. Metsulfuron: Metsulfuron is a systemic herbicide that can control a range of broadleaf plants, including poison sumac. It’s often used in situations where selective control is desired.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a widely used non-selective herbicide that effectively kills most plants it comes into contact with. It’s commonly available in various formulations, including concentrated liquids and ready-to-use sprays. Glufosinate: Glufosinate is another non-selective herbicide that can be effective against poison sumac. It’s available in both liquid and granular formulations. Paraquat: Paraquat is a fast-acting non-selective herbicide that works on contact with plant tissues. It’s often used for spot treatment of weeds, including poison sumac. Diquat: Diquat is a non-selective contact herbicide that can be used for quick control of weeds, including poison sumac. It’s often used as a desiccant to dry up plant tissues. Imazapyr: While imazapyr is primarily used for controlling woody plants and invasive species, it’s non-selective and can effectively control poison sumac. It’s commonly used in areas where broadleaf and woody plant control is needed.

connecticut delaware florida illinois indiana kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi new-hampshire new-jersey new-york north-carolina ohio pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina tennessee texas vermont virginia west-virginia wisconsin wyomingScientific Name Toxicodendron vernix Other Names Thunderwood, Poison Elder, Swamp Sumac Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers Poison sumac has small, greenish-yellow flowers that grow in clusters at the ends of the branches. The flowers are not particularly showy or fragrant, and they may be difficult to see among the leaves of the plant. While the flowers themselves are not poisonous, they can attract insects, which can then spread the toxic oil to other parts of the plant. Leaves Poison sumac has long, pointed leaves with smooth edges. The leaves grow in pairs along the stem, and each leaf has between 7 and 13 leaflets. The leaves can be quite large, up to 12 inches long, and they have a glossy appearance. In the fall, the leaves may turn a reddish or yellowish color before they drop from the plant. It’s important to avoid touching the leaves of poison sumac, as they contain a poisonous oil that can cause a severe allergic reaction. Life Cycle Perennial

DESCRIPTION

Pokeweed is a tall plant with big green leaves and pretty purple berries. It grows incredibly easily, hence it being considered a weed, and can get pretty large if not kept in check. Some people like to eat the leaves, but you have to cook them just right or they can be poisonous. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for a long time, and some people even use it as a natural dye for fabrics.

HOW TO IDENTIFY

Pokeweed is pretty easy to identify! It’s a tall plant with big green leaves that kind of look like grapevine leaves. As the plant matures, it develops clusters of small white flowers that turn into drooping clusters of purple berries. The berries are pretty distinctive – they’re about the size of a pea and look almost like little grapes. When you touch the plant, the stems and leaves may release a milky white sap. Overall, if you see a tall plant with big green leaves and clusters of drooping purple berries, it’s probably pokeweed!

Mechanical Control Recommendations Hand pulling For smaller infestations, hand pulling can be effective. Make sure to wear gloves as all parts of the plant are toxic. Gently remove the plant, trying to get as much of the root system as possible. Dispose of the plant material in a way that prevents it from regrowing (e.g., burning or disposing in a landfill). Cutting If the plant has already grown tall, cutting it down before it produces seeds can help prevent further spread. However, cutting alone may not kill the plant, as it can resprout from its root system. Mowing Regular mowing can prevent pokeweed from reaching maturity and producing seeds. However, mowing alone might not be enough to eradicate established plants, as they can regrow from their roots. Tilling For larger infestations, tilling the soil can help disrupt the root system. This method is most effective when combined with other control measures, as pokeweed can regenerate from root fragments left in the soil. Repeated Disturbance Consistently disturbing the area where pokeweed grows, such as by tilling or mowing, can weaken the plants over time. Be persistent and vigilant, as it might take multiple seasons to fully control the population. Mulching Covering the soil with a thick layer of mulch can help suppress the growth of pokeweed by preventing light from reaching the soil surface. This can inhibit the emergence of new plants from seeds. Grazing Animals In some cases, introducing animals that graze on pokeweed, such as goats or sheep, can help reduce the plant population. However, this method requires careful management to prevent overgrazing and to ensure the animals are not affected by the plant’s toxicity. Pre-emergent herbicides

Prodiamine: This is a pre-emergent herbicide that’s effective against a variety of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It might offer some control over germinating pokeweed seeds. Oryzalin: Another pre-emergent herbicide with broad-spectrum activity. It’s often used for controlling grassy and broadleaf weeds in various settings. Pendimethalin: This herbicide is used to prevent the growth of a wide range of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge. Isoxaben: While isoxaben is primarily used for broadleaf weed control, it might have some effectiveness against germinating pokeweed seeds.

Post-emergent herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide commonly used to control a wide range of weeds, including perennial ones. It’s best used when pokeweed is actively growing. Be cautious, as glyphosate is non-selective and will kill any plants it comes into contact with. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf plants and can be effective against woody plants like pokeweed. It’s available in various formulations. 2,4-D: This is another selective herbicide effective against broadleaf plants. It might provide some control over pokeweed, especially when used in combination with other herbicides. Dicamba: Dicamba is a selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. Like other herbicides, its effectiveness against pokeweed might vary. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is a selective herbicide often used to control broadleaf weeds, including certain woody plants. It might have some activity against pokeweed.

Selective herbicides:

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide commonly used to control a wide range of weeds, including perennial ones. It’s best used when pokeweed is actively growing. Be cautious, as glyphosate is non-selective and will kill any plants it comes into contact with. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is a selective herbicide that targets broadleaf plants and can be effective against woody plants like pokeweed. It’s available in various formulations. 2,4-D: This is another selective herbicide effective against broadleaf plants. It might provide some control over pokeweed, especially when used in combination with other herbicides. Dicamba: Dicamba is a selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. Like other herbicides, its effectiveness against pokeweed might vary. Clopyralid: Clopyralid is a selective herbicide often used to control broadleaf weeds, including certain woody plants. It might have some activity against pokeweed.

Non-Selective herbicides

Glyphosate: Glyphosate is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides. It kills a wide range of plants by inhibiting a key enzyme involved in plant growth. It’s available in various formulations, including ready-to-use sprays and concentrates. Glufosinate: Glufosinate is another non-selective herbicide that works by disrupting plant metabolism. It’s often used to control weeds and grasses in various settings. Paraquat: Paraquat is a fast-acting non-selective herbicide that disrupts plant cell membranes and photosynthesis. It’s highly toxic and requires careful handling. Diquat: Diquat is a contact herbicide that affects plant cell membranes. It’s often used for aquatic weed control but can also be used on terrestrial plants. Imazapyr: Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide that is particularly effective against perennial plants and woody species. It’s often used for vegetation control in areas like rights-of-way and industrial sites.

arizona arkansas california connecticut delaware florida illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri nebraska new-hampshire new-jersey new-mexico new-york north-carolina ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode-island south-carolina tennessee texas vermont virginia washington west-virginia wisconsinScientific Name Phytolacca americana Other Names Pokeberry, Poke Root, Inkberry, Pigeonberry Leaf Type Broadleaf Flowers The pokeweed’s flowers are small and white, and they grow in long clusters that droop down from the plant. They kind of look like little bells, and they have a sweet fragrance that attracts bees and butterflies. When the flowers start to die off they turn into small green berries that eventually mature into the distinctive purple berries that this plant is known for. Leaves Pokeweed’s leaves are large and smooth, with a bright green color. They kind of look like the leaves on a grapevine, but they’re bigger and more heart-shaped. The leaves grow alternately along the stem of the plant, and they can get pretty big – up to a foot or more in length! Some people like to eat the leaves when they’re young and cooked just right, but you have to be careful because they can be poisonous if they’re not prepared properly. Life Cycle Perennial